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From: piper@cdrgsun.UCSD.EDU (steve piper)
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Dennis Joseph 7 April 1995
NCAR
joseph@ncar.ucar.edu
Dennis,
Thanks for your help. I didn't get back to asking about the old
daily format hardcopy documentation that I called for -- did you
confirm that all of the daily data (ds512) docs are now online?
If not, please send me the hardcopies.
I am attaching 4 doc files that came off the NCDC global summary of day
CDROM. One more file, titled Flag File Format, contains descriptions
of flags that NCDC produced while preparing the CAC data for the
CDROM. Since this file was formatted for a PC word-processor, I
was not able to read it on my SUN, and had to have Mike Changery
fax a copy to me. The fax is not complete and I have asked Mike to
send me an update; I can send this on to you when I get it,
if you are interested.
Steve Piper
Scripps Institution of Oceanography A-020
La Jolla, CA 92093-0220
(619) 534-4230 ext 12
scpiper@ucsd.edu
The four NCDC CDROM files (cac.doc,format.dat,times.txt,unixread.me)
are attached below (each preceded by ***PIPER FILE***)
***PIPER FILE***
CAC.DOC 11/17/94
The following is excerpted from documentation developed by the Climate
Analysis Center (CAC) for the data archived at the National Climatic
Data Center under the tape deck designation TD-9618 and which serves
as the source data for the Global Daily Summary CD-ROM.
The usage and content of some fields has changed over the period of
record. Changes are noted with a double asterisk (**) and the date
on which they first appear in the documentation.
NB: For more information on individual country summarization times
for the reported temperature and precipitation, see the file
TIMES.TXT located in the root directory of the GDS CD-ROM.
For explanations of the present/past weather codes, see the file
FORMAT.TXT located in the root directory of the GDS CD-ROM, or
the GDS Help topic Data File Format.
IF THE MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM TEMPERATURES ARE NOT REPORTED THEY
ARE ESTIMATED FROM REPORTED AIR TEMPERATURES IN THE REGULAR SYNOPTIC
REPORTS WHEN SUFFICIENT DATA EXIST.
ALL DATA ARE SUMMARIZED ON A GREENWICH MEAN (Z) TIME BASIS.
ACCUMULATED PRECIPITATION OR EXTREME TEMPERATURE REPORTED ON A PARTICULAR
Z - DATE WILL BE STORED AND SUMMARIZED FOR THAT DATE EVEN THOUGH THEY
ACTUALLY OCCURRED ON THE PREVIOUS Z - DATE. NO ATTEMPT IS MADE TO CONVERT
REPORTS TO LOCAL TIME.
************************************************************************
FILE 1. DAILY SUMMARY FILES.
THIS FILE CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING FIELDS:
1. GREENWICH MEAN (ZULU) DATE OF DATA, IN THE FORM YYMMDD.
2. WMO 5-DIGIT STATION IDENTIFIER
3. 3 OR 4 CHARACTER AIRWAYS CALLSIGN
4. LATITUDE OF STATION. NEGATIVE MEANS SOUTH LATITUDE.
UNITS - .01 DEGREES OF LATITUDE.
5. LONGITUDE OF STATION. MEASURED WEST FROM GREENWICH MERIDIAN
TO 360 DEGREES.
UNITS - .01 DEGREES OF LONGITUDE
6. STATION ELEVATION RELATIVE TO MEAN SEA LEVEL.
UNITS - 1 METER.
7. 24 HOUR MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE. MAY BE ESTIMATED FROM REPORTED
SYNOPTIC AIR TEMPERATURES IF SUFFICIENT DATA EXIST.
UNITS - .1 DEGREE CELSIUS.
8. 2 DIGIT MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FLAG.
1ST DIGIT --
0 - VALID EXTREME TEMPERATURE REPORT
1 - INVALID EXTREME TEMPERATURE REPORT
- VALUE ESTIMATED
2 - MISSING EXTREME TEMPERATURE REPORT
- VALUE ESTIMATED
3 - NON-REPORTING TIME - VALUE REPLACED
BY ESTIMATE SINCE 00Z.
**1/83
NOT USED
2ND DIGIT --
0 - 8 - NUMBER OF MISSING AIR TEMPERATURES
IN VALIDATION
9 - EXTREME TEMPERATURE MISSING.
**1/83
0 - VALUE FROM EXTREME TEMPERATURE REPORTED
1-3 VALUE DERIVED FROM AIR TEMPERATURES
9 - EXTREME TEMPERATURE MISSING
9. 24 HOUR MINIMUM TEMPERATURE. MAY BE ESTIMATED FROM
REPORTED SYNOPTIC AIR TEMPERATURES IF SUFFICIENT DATA EXIST.
UNITS - .1 DEGREE CELSIUS
10. 2 DIGIT MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FLAG.
( SAME AS FIELD 8 )
11. 24 HOUR PRECIPITATION AMOUNT, OR TOTAL OF AVAILABLE
PRECIPITATION DURING 24 HOUR PERIOD.
**12/82
TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION REPORTED DURING THE 24 HOUR
PERIOD. THIS AMOUNT MAY INCLUDE PRECIPITATION WHICH
FELL DURING THE PREVIOUS 24 HOUR PERIOD BUT WHAS NOT
INCLUDED IN THE PREVIOUS DAYS SUMMARY RECORD.
UNITS - .1 MILLIMETER.
12. 2 DIGIT 24 HOUR PRECIPITATION FLAG.
1ST DIGIT -
0 - NO PRECIPITATION EVENT IN PREVIOUS 24 HOURS
1 - PRECIPITATION EVENT OCCURRED IN PREVIOUS 24 HOURS
9 - PRECIPITATION MISSING
**7/84
NOT DEFINED
**1/87
0 - THE AMOUNT WAS OBTAINED FROM A 24 HOUR PRECIPITATION
VALUE.
3 - THE AMOUNT WAS OBTAINED FROM TOTALING REPORTED AMOUNTS
FOR PERIOD LESS THAN 24 HOURS.
9 - THE REPORTED AMOUNTS WERE MISSING.
2ND DIGIT -
NUMBER OF 3 HOUR PERIODS NOT COVERED IN PRECEDING 24
HOURS. 8 OR 9 INDICATES NO ESTIMATE OF AMOUNT
POSSIBLE.
**7/84
CODE INDICATED THE ENDING TIME OF THE 24HR PERIOD
THAT THE PRECIPITATION IS SUMMARED.
1-0300Z 2-0600Z 3-0900Z 4-1200Z 5-1500Z 6-1800Z
7-2100Z 0-2400Z. A 9 INDICATES 0600Z ON THE DAY
AFTER THE GREENWICH DATE INDICATED IN FIELD 1.
13. PRECIPITATION TRACE FLAG. 1 CHARACTER. 3 VALUES POSSIBLE:
A. 'M' - PRECIPITATION AMOUNT MISSING.
B. 'T' - TRACE OF PRECIPITATION IN PAST
24 HOURS. SET TO 'T' WHEN DIGIT 1 OF 24 HOUR
PRECIPITATION FLAG (FIELD 12) IS 1 AND
24 HOUR PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (FIELD 11)
EQUALS 0.
C. BLANK - NEITHER OF ABOVE.
14. PRESENT/PAST WEATHER CHARACTER FLAGS.
8 - 1 CHARACTER FLAGS INDICATING GENERAL FORM OF PRESENT
WEATHER FOR EACH OF THE 8 SYNOPTIC REPORTING TIMES,
OR PAST WEATHER IF PRESENT NOT AVAILABLE. POSITION OF THE FLAG
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT INDICATES THE TIME OF OBSERVATION, I.E.
00Z = POSITION 1, 03Z = POSITION 2, ETC. '-' INDICATES
NO STATION REPORT AVAILABLE. '/' INDICATES NEITHER
PRESENT NOR PAST WEATHER REPORTED. THE OTHER CODES
AVAILABLE ARE IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES OF PRESENT/PAST
WEATHER.
TABLE OF PRESENT WEATHER CHARACTER FLAGS
DERIVED FROM NMC OFFICE NOTE 124, CODE TABLE 4.
1'S DIGIT OF PRESENT WEATHER
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
----------------------------------------
10'S 00 ] O O O O K H D D D D
DIGIT 10 ] F F F T 0 R R T Q T
OF 20 ] L R S S Z R S A F T
PRESENT 30 ] D D D D D D B B B B
WEATHER 40 ] F F F F F F F F Z Z
50 ] L L L L L L Z Z R R
60 ] R R R R R R Z Z S S
70 ] S S S S S S S S S S
80 ] R R R S S S S A A A
90 ] A T T A A T A T T A
----------------------------------------
**Table changed to the following sometime in 1982. An asterisk (*)
next to the letter code indicates the code changed.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
----------------------------------------
10'S 00 ] O O O O K H D D D D
DIGIT 10 ]*M *G *G *U *V *X *X T Q *Y
OF 20 ] L R S S Z R S A F T
PRESENT 30 ] D D D D D D *J *J B B
WEATHER 40 ] F F F F F F F F *E *E
50 ] L L L L L L Z Z R R
60 ] R R R R R R Z Z S S
70 ] S S S S S S *I S *C *P
80 ] R R R S S S S *S *S A
90 ] A T T A A T A T T A
----------------------------------------
TABLE OF PAST WEATHER CHARACTER FLAGS.
FROM NMC OFFICE NOTE 124, CODE TABLE 5.
PAST WEATHER DIGIT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-------------------------------------
0 0 0 B F L R S W T
15. **12/82
TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION WHICH WAS REPORTED AND FELL
DURING THE 24 HOUR PERIOD.
UNITS - .1 MILLIMETER.
16. **12/82
THE TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION WHICH WAS REPORTED AND THE
AMOUNT WHICH WAS ESTIMATED DURING ANY PERIODS WHEN
REPORTED AMOUNTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE.
UNITS - .1 MILLIMETER.
17. **12/82
THE NUMBER OF 6 HOUR PERIODS FOR WHICH REPORTED AMOUNTS
WERE NOT AVAILABLE AND WERE ESTIMATED.
18. NUMBER OF 3 HOUR PERIODS THAT STATION REPORTED DURING THE DAY.
**1/87
NUMBER OF 3 HOUR PERIODS FOR WHICH AT LEAST ONE
OBSERVATION WAS RECEIVED.
19. NUMBER OF 3 HOUR PERIODS DURING THE DAY IN WHICH EITHER
PAST OR PRESENT WEATHER INDICIATED PRECIPITATION. WILL ALWAYS
BE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO FIELD 18. THE FOLLOWING TABLES OF
PRESENT/PAST WEATHER ARE USED TO DETERMINE IF PRECIPITATION
HAS OCCURRED:
TABLE OF PRESENT WEATHER INDICATING PRECIPITATION OCCURRENCE
AS DEFINED BY CEAS
DERIVED FROM OFFICE NOTE 124, CODE TABLE 4.
0 - DOES NOT COUNT TOWARD NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS WITH
PRECIPITATION.
1 - COUNTS TOWARD NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS WITH PRECIPITATION.
1'S DIGIT OF PRESENT WEATHER CODE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
----------------------------------------
00 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10'S 10 ] 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
DIGIT 20 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
OF 30 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PRESENT 40 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
WEATHER 50 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CODE 60 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
70 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
80 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
90 ] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
----------------------------------------
TABLE OF PAST WEATHER INDICATING PRECIPITATION OCCURRENCE
AS DEFINED BY CEAS
FROM NMC OFFICE NOTE 124, CODE TABLE 5
PAST WEATHER DIGIT
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
---------------------------------------
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
**1/78
NOTE: CHANGES WERE MADE TO OPERATIONS DURING FEB. 1978.
FIELDS 8,10,12,18,19 SHOULD NOT BE USED PRIOR TO THIS DATE.
***********************************************************************
*** PIPER FILE ***
FORMAT.DAT 11/17/94
Data File Format
The following describes the elements and flags in the data files. The
information is presented in the same order as the data in the file.
Additional documentation may be found in another file, CAC.DOC, also
located in the root directory of the GDS CD-ROM.
SIZE DATA
6 Date: Greenwich date (yymmdd)
5 24-hour maximum temperature: Units .1 degree Celsius.
Missing is -999.
2 2-digit temperature flag for maximum temperature.
5 24-hour minimum temperature: Units .1 degree Celsius.
Missing is -999.
2 2-digit temperature flag for minimum temperature.
5 Total precipitation reported during the 24-hour period:
Units .1mm. May include precipitation which fell during
previous 24-hour period, but not included in current 24-hour
summary record. Missing is -999.
2 24-hour precipitation flag.
1 Precipitation trace flag.
8 Present/past weather codes:
Eight 1-character codes indicating general form of present
weather for each of the eight synoptic reporting times, or past
weather if present weather is not available. The first code is
for 000Z, the second for 003Z, etc.
Character codes are:
- = no station report available
/ = neither present or past weather reported
A = hail
B = blowing snow
C = snow crystals
D = dust/sand
E = rime fog
F = fog
G = ground fog
H = haze
I = diamond dust
J = drifting snow
K = smoke
L = drizzle
M = mist
N = not used
O = no significant
P = ice pellets
Q = squall
R = rain
S = snow
T = thunderstorm
U = lightning
V = virga
W = showers
X = distant precip
Y = funnel cloud
Z = freezing precip
2 Number of observations received.
2 Number of observations reporting present or past weather with
precipitation.
5 Total of precipitation which was reported and fell during the
24-hour period: Units .1mm. Available 9/1/82 to 12/31/86.
5 Total of precipitation which was reported plus the amount estimated
during periods when reported amounts were not available:
Units .1mm. Begins 9/1/82.
2 Number of 6 hour periods for which reported amounts were not
available and were estimated. Begins 9/1/82.
*** PIPER FILE ***
TIMES.TXT 11/18/94
Summarization Times
An attempt has been made by the Center for Climate Analysis to make
the daily summaries as close to the Local Standard Time day as the
reporting practices permit. The following tables show previous as well
as current summarization times.
The tables show the 12- or 24-hour period for which maximum temperature,
minimum temperature, and daily precipitation are summarized for various
global areas, and are accurate for most of the locations in each area.
Following the tables is a list (in order by station number) containing
the specific times which are used in each country.
Abbreviations: GMT....Greenwich Mean Time
LST....Local Standard Time
MAX....Maximum Temperature
MIN....Minimum Temperature
PRCP...Precipitation
SOUTH AMERICA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 19,1988
I (----MAX----)
O
R
AFRICA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 24,1988
I (----MAX----)
O
R
INDIA - PAKISTAN
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 24,1988
I (----MAX----)
O
R
SOUTHEAST ASIA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 24,1988
I (----MIN----)
O (----------PRCP---------)
R
JAPAN
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 24,1988
I (----MIN----)
O (----------PRCP---------)
R
MOST OF ASIAN RUSSIA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 23,1988
I (----MIN----)
O
R
EXTREME EASTERN RUSSIA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 24,1988
I (----MIN----)
O (---------PRCP----------)
R
AUSTRALIA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 12....18....00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----------MAX----------)
U
R (----------MIN----------)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R CHANGE ON NOV 2,1988
I (----------MIN---------)
O (---------PRCP----------)
R
PRIOR TO MAY 25,1988
(---------MAX-----------)
(---------MIN-----------)
WESTERN PACIFIC
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----------MAX----------)
U
R (----------MIN----------)
R
E (---------PRCP----------)
N
T
P
R PRIOR TO MAY 25,1988
I (---------MIN-----------)
O
R
EASTERN PACIFIC
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18
T
C (----------MAX----------)
U
R (----------MIN----------)
R
E (----------PRCP---------)
N
T
UNITED STATES AND CANADA
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----------MAX----------)
U
R (----------MIN----------)
R
E (----------PRCP---------)
N
T
MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CARIBBEAN
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----------MIN----)
R
E (----------PRCP---------)
N
T
ATLANTIC, EUROPE, AND MIDDLE EAST
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----MAX----)
U
R (----MIN----)
R
E (----------PRCP---------)
N
T
G
M 00....06....12....18....00....06....12....18....00....06
T
L
S 00....06....12....18....00
T
C (----------MAX----------)
U
R (----------MIN----------)
R
E (----------PRCP---------)
N
T
The following table is a list of the specific time periods and ending
times for the summaries.
Notes:
- Per (period) is the number of hours for which a temperature
element is summarized.
- End is the ending date/time for a daily summary dated the first
of the month.
- The PRCP column shows the ending date/time for the 24 hour
precipitation summary period.
Example:
Country MIN MAX PRCP
Per End Per End
NORWAY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
The example indicates the summarization period for minimum
temperature is the 12 hours ending at 0600 Greenwich Mean Time
on the 1st of the month. For maximum temperature, it is the
12 hours ending at 0600 Greenwich Mean Time on the 1st of the
month, and for precipitation is the 24 hours ending at
1800 Greenwich Mean Time on the 1st of the month.
Stations Country MIN MAX PRCP
Per End Per End
01000-01499 NORWAY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
02000-02699 SWEDEN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
02800-02999 FINLAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
03000-03949 UNITED KINGDOM 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
03950-03999 IRELAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
04000-04099 ICELAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
04100-04399 GREENLAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06000-06019 FAROE ISLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06020-06199 DENMARK 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06200-06399 NETHERLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06400-06499 BELGIUM 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06580-06599 LUXEMBOURG 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06600-06989 SWITZERLAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
06990-06999 LIECHTENSTEIN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
07000-07999 FRANCE 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
08000-08494 SPAIN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
08495-08499 GIBRALTAR 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
08500-08519 AZORES 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
08520-08529 MADEIRA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
08530-08579 PORTUGAL 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
08580-08599 CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
09000-09999 EAST GERMANY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
10000-10999 WEST GERMANY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
11000-11399 AUSTRIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
11400-11999 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
12000-12699 POLAND 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
12700-12999 HUNGARY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
13000-13599 YUGOSLAVIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
13600-13699 ALBANIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
15000-15499 ROMANIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
15500-15999 BULGARIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
16000-16595 ITALY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
16596-16599 MALTA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
16600-16799 GREECE 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
17000-17399 TURKEY 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
17600-17619 CYPRUS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20000-20079 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20080-20099 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20100-20179 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20180-20199 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20200-20274 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20275-20299 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20300-20374 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20375-20399 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20400-20469 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20470-20499 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20500-20569 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20570-20599 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20600-20669 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20670-20699 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20700-20759 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20760-20799 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20800-20869 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20870-20899 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
20900-20969 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
20970-21979 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
21980-21999 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
22000-23059 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23060-23099 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23100-23159 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23160-23199 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23200-23259 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23260-23299 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23300-23369 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23370-23399 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23400-23459 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23460-23464 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23465-23471 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23472-23499 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23500-23569 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23570-23599 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23600-23669 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23670-23699 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23700-23769 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23770-23799 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23800-23869 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23870-23899 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
23900-23949 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
23950-25049 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25050-25099 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25100-25149 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25150-25199 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25200-25249 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25250-25299 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25300-25349 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25350-25399 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25400-25449 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25450-25499 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25500-25559 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25560-25599 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25600-25649 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25650-25699 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25700-25749 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25750-25799 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25800-25849 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
25850-25899 SOVIET UNION (dateline) 12 31/18 12 1/06 1/06
25900-25999 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
26000-28999 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
29000-29399 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
29400-29404 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
29405-29406 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
29407-29409 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
29410-29699 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
29700-29701 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
29702-29805 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
29806-29809 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
29810-32999 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
33000-36019 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
36020-36119 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
36120-36209 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
36210-36329 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
36330-36439 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
36440-36459 SOVIET UNION (eastern) 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
36460-39999 SOVIET UNION (western) 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40000-40099 SYRIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40100-40149 LEBANON 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40150-40199 ISRAEL 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40200-40349 JORDAN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40350-40549 SAUDI ARABIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40550-40599 KUWAIT 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40600-40699 IRAQ 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
40700-40899 IRAN 12 1/03 12 1/15 1/15
40900-40999 AFGHANISTAN 18 1/12 24 2/00 2/00
41000-41149 SAUDI ARABIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41150-41159 BAHRAIN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41160-41179 QATAR 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41180-41239 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41240-41319 OMAN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41320-41399 YEMEN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41400-41499 DEMOCRATIC YEMEN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
41500-41849 PAKISTAN 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
41850-41999 BANGLADESH 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
42000-43399 INDIA 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
43400-43499 SRI LANKA 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
43500-43999 INDIA 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
44000-44399 MONGOLIA 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
44400-44499 NEPAL 12 1/03 12 1/12 1/03
45000-45010 HONG KONG 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
45011-45020 MACAO 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
46000-46999 TAIWAN 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
47000-47199 KOREA 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
47200-47999 JAPAN 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
48000-48299 BURMA 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/15
48300-48599 THAILAND 12 1/00 12 1/12 2/00
48600-48679 MALAYSIA 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
48680-48799 SINGAPORE 12 1/00 12 1/12 2/00
48800-48919 VIETNAM 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
48920-48959 LAOS 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
48960-48999 DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA 12 1/00 12 1/12 1/12
50000-59999 CHINA 24 1/06 24 1/18 2/00
60000-60099 CANARY IS/SPANISH SAHARA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
60100-60349 MOROCCO 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
60350-60699 ALGERIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
60700-60799 TUNISIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61000-61199 NIGER 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61200-61399 MALI 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61400-61599 MAURITANIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61600-61699 SENEGAL 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61700-61749 GAMBIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61750-61799 GUINEA-BISSAU 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61800-61849 GUINEA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61850-61899 SIERRA LEONE 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61900-61919 ATLANTIC OCEAN ISLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61920-61966 INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
61967-61967 DIEGO GARCIA 24 1/06 12 1/18 1/18
61968-61999 INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
62000-62299 LIBYA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
62300-62599 EGYPT 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
62600-62999 SUDAN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63000-63099 ETHIOPIA 24 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63100-63149 AFARS AND ISSA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63150-63299 SOMALIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63300-63599 ETHIOPIA 24 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63600-63979 KENYA/TANZANIA/UGANDA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
63980-63999 SEYCHELLES 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64000-64379 ZAIRE 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64380-64389 RWANDA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64390-64399 BURUNDI 24 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64400-64499 CONGO 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64500-64599 GABON 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64600-64699 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64700-64799 CHAD 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64800-64849 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
64850-64999 CAMEROON 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65000-65299 NIGERIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65300-65349 BENIN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65350-65399 TOGO 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65400-65499 GHANA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65500-65525 UPPER VOLTA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65526-65599 IVORY COAST 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
65600-65699 LIBERIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
66100-66499 ANGOLA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
67000-67008 COMOROS 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
67009-67199 MALAGASY 24 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
67200-67399 MOZAMBIQUE 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
67400-67999 ZAMBIA/MALAWI/RHODESIA 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
68000-68999 S AFRICA/NAMIBIA/BOTSWAN 12 1/06 12 1/18 1/06
70000-70999 ALASKA 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/06
71000-71999 CANADA 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/06
72000-72999 UNITED STATES 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/06
74000-74999 UNITED STATES 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/06
76000-76999 MEXICO 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78000-78019 BERMUDA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78050-78149 BAHAMAS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78150-78379 CUBA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78380-78386 CAYMAN ISLANDS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78387-78399 JAMAICA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78400-78449 HAITI 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78450-78499 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78500-78504 SWAN ISLAND 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78505-78539 PUERTO RICO 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78540-78549 VIRGIN ISLANDS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78575-78599 BELIZE 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78600-78649 GUATEMALA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78650-78674 EL SALVADOR 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78700-78724 HONDURAS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78725-78749 NICARAGUA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78750-78774 COSTA RICA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78775-78824 PANAMA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78825-78859 ST. KITTS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78860-78864 ANTIGUA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78865-78869 LEEWARD ISLANDS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78870-78879 ST. EUSTATIUS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78880-78894 GUADELOUPE/BARTHELEMY 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78895-78919 LEEWARD ISLANDS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78920-78939 MARTINIQUE 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78940-78949 WINDWARD ISLANDS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78950-78954 BARBADOS 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78955-78959 GRENADA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78960-78964 TOBAGO 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78965-78979 TRINIDAD 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78980-78984 ARUBA 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78985-78989 CURACAO 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
78990-78999 BONAIRE 18 2/00 12 2/00 2/00
80000-80399 COLOMBIA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
80400-80799 VENEZUELA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
81000-81199 GUYANA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
81200-81399 SURINAM 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
81400-81599 FRENCH GUIANA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
82000-83999 BRAZIL 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
84000-84299 ECUADOR 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
84300-84799 PERU 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
85000-85399 BOLIVIA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
85400-85979 CHILE 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
85980-85999 ANTARCTICA (CHILE) 12 2/00 12 1/12 2/00
86000-86299 PARAGUAY 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
86300-86599 URUGUAY 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
87000-87999 ARGENTINA 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
88800-88999 SOUTH AMERICAN ISLANDS 12 1/12 12 2/00 1/12
89000-89999 ANTARCTICA 12 2/00 12 1/12 2/00
91000-91099 MIDWAY ISLAND 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91100-91159 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91160-91201 HAWAII 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91202-91209 FALACEP ISLAND 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91210-91219 GUAM 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91220-91239 MARIANA ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91240-91249 WAKE ISLAND 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91250-91269 MARSHALL ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91270-91279 JOHNSTON ISLAND 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91280-91299 HAWAII 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/00
91300-91329 CAROLINE ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91330-91349 CAROLINE ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91350-91365 CAROLINE ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91366-91366 KWAJALEIN 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91367-91375 MARSHALL ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91376-91376 MAJURO ATOLL 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91377-91399 MARSHALL ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91400-91409 PALAU ISLAND 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91410-91412 CAROLINE ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91413-91413 YAP 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91414-91479 CAROLINE ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91480-91499 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91500-91529 SOLOMON ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91530-91539 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91540-91549 SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91550-91569 NEW HEBRIDES 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91570-91599 NEW CALEDONIA 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91600-91629 GILBERT ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91630-91649 TUVALU 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91650-91699 FIJI ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
91700-91749 TOKELAU ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91750-91754 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91755-91764 WESTERN SAMOA 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91765-91769 AMERICAN SAMOA 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91770-91799 KINGDOM OF TONGA 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91800-91899 COOK ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91900-91959 FRENCH POLYNESIA 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
91960-91999 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 2/00 24 1/12 2/00
93000-93999 NEW ZEALAND 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
94000-94099 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 24 1/06 24 1/18 2/00
94100-95999 AUSTRALIA 24 1/06 24 1/18 2/00
96000-96299 INDONESIA (SUMATRA) 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
96300-96399 BRUNEI 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
96400-96499 MALAYSIA 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
96500-96699 INDONESIA (KALIMANTAN) 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
96700-96989 INDONESIA (JAVA) 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
96990-96999 DETACHED ISLANDS 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
97000-97379 INDONESIA (SULA./NUSA.) 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
97380-97399 EAST TIMOR 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
97400-97999 INDONESIA (MALU./IRIAN) 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
98000-98999 PHILIPPINES 24 1/00 24 1/12 2/00
99000-99ZZZ UNITED STATES 24 2/06 24 2/06 2/06
*** PIPER FILE ***
UNIXREAD.ME 11/18/94
Accessing the Data from UNIX
While the GDS system interface is a DOS-based application and will not run under
other operating systems, the data and the flags may be retrieved and
uncompressed by UNIX users.
Locating Data on the CD-ROM
The data and flags for each station are stored in compressed ASCII
files named for the station. For example: the data for WMO station
01017 (Gibostad, Norway) is stored in a file named 01017.Z. A
station's file may be found using the path
<dev>DATA/nn/<station>.Z
where <dev> is your CD-ROM reader's UNIX device name and 'nn' is a
directory name comprised of is the second and third characters of
the station number. Gibostad will have the path:
<dev>/DATA/10/01017.Z
If a station has a flag file, it can be found in the same directory
as the data. If a station reports 50 days or fewer, it will not have
a flag file. Flag file names are the station number preceded by
an F. Gibostad's flag file is F01017.Z.
Uncompressing the Data
The compression scheme used is the equivalent of the UNIX 'compress'
command. A public domain PC version of UNIX's nondestructive
uncompress 'zcat' command has been provided to PC users (it is found
in the root directory of the GDS CD-ROM), but UNIX users use the
'zcat' provided with their operating system. Since 'zcat' is
nondestructive, the uncompressed data will scroll across your screen
unless you capture it by piping the results to a file. To uncompress
Gibostad to a file on your UNIX disk enter:
zcat <dev>/DATA/10/01017>01017.dat
Flag files are uncompressed in the same way. Simply use an F before
the station number in naming the file to be uncompressed and the disk
file in which to store the flags:
zcat <dev>/DATA/10/F01017>F01017.dat
Check your UNIX manual for further information on 'compress' and
related commands.
Information Files
There are three files in the root directory that give users information
about the data they have retrieved from the CD-ROM.
CAC.DOC provides excerpts from the Center for Climate Analysis'
data documentation including code definitions.
FORMAT.DAT provides a description and the size in characters for
each climatological element.
STATIONS.DAT provides station identification number, size of the
station's uncompressed data file, size of the uncompressed flag
file, the station's starting and ending date, the number of reports
during that time, latitude, longitude, elevation, location name,
and country name.
All data and information files are in ASCII format in which a CR-LF
indicates the end of record. The files may be converted to the
appropriate UNIX format by simply transfering them from a DOS machine
to a UNIX machine using the ftp (File Transfer Protocol). In addition,
many flavors of UNIX have a 'dos2unix' command which will convert the
end of record indicator. Check your UNIX manuals for further
information.
*** PIPER FILE *** end of message