Will Spangler/Bob Dattore
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Boulder, Colorado 80307
NCAR Raob and Wind Data Formats (pbin)
Sounding data from various sources have been reformatted into two
basic data formats. The formats consist of variable length bytes,
representing the identifying parameters, followed by several byte
groups representing the levels of the soundings. Each data sounding
is contained in one logical tape record. The variable length records
are blocked together into longer physical records by the NCAR block-
ing routine, RPTIN/RPTOUT. The right-most 60 bits of word 1 contain
the number of 64-bit words (maximim of 1000) in the physical record;
word N contains the 64-bit logical checksum of words 1 through N-1 .
packed values are positive integers. Therefore, the true data value
is obtained as follows:
true data value = (packed value) - bias
For parameters which may not always be present, a missing code has
been chosen such that this value could never be an actual data value.
The missing code listed in the table is the code after the bias has
been subtracted.
Description of the identifying parameters (first 124 bits, raob and wind only)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
# of # of bits prior missing
parameter bits to this parameter code bias comments
-------- ---- ----------------- ------- ---- -------------------------
word count the number of 64-bit
used by 12 0 NA NA words in this logical
RPTIN/ record
RPTOUT
unused 4 12 NA NA for US Control soundings
(see (ds390.1, source code 15),
exceptions
in comments) leftmost two bits
contain factor to apply
to compute level count,
i.e. total level count
equals factor times 127
plus the number of levels
indicated below, e.g.
(NMULT) NL=NL+(factor*127)
maximim levels possible
is 427; however, this is
superceded if old method
of format numbers 9-14
is present, see below
rightmost two bits
contain binary two for
soundings where the tenths
digit in the wind speed
appears to be truncated in
comparison to NCEP,
otherwise they contain
(NUSED) binary zero.
for USAF DATSAV soundings
(source code 47),
these bits contain the
sixth digit of the station
number
-------------------------
| 1 ( 9) = raob code
format | 2 (10) = wind by height code
number 6 16 NA NA | 3 (11) = raob (but only winds
(IFN) | present) code
| 4 (12) = same as 1,but
| date/time uncertain
| 5 (13) = wind by pressure
| code
| 6 (14) = satellite sounding
| (GATE), raob code
|22 = (USAF DATSAV) wind
| by height code
| split from a raob
|
| ( ) see number of
| levels below
-------------------------
station WMO, WBAN, or special
number 17 22 NA NA block station number
(ISTA)
year 7 39 NA NA 68 = 1968
(IYR)
month 4 46 NA NA 1 = January, etc.
(IMO)
day 5 50 NA NA
(IDY)
hour 5 55 31 NA 12 = 12Z
(IHR)
latitude 11 60 -999 1000 tenths of degrees,
(XLAT) south is negative
longitude 12 71 -1999 2000 tenths of degrees,
(XLON) east is negative
elevation 14 83 -999 1000 meters
(XELE)
data source 7 97 127 0 see source code table
(ISRC)
| 0 = not checked
| 1 = checked and found
| to be bad
status of | 2 = problems with data
heights and 4 104 NA 0 | indicated in the
temperatures | original format
(ISTS) | 3 = passed hydrostatic
| and/or consistency
| checks
same as H,T status, but
wind status 2 108 NA 0 see exception (**)
(JSTS) after source codes
| 0 = no surface level
| n = index of surface
surface 3 110 NA 0 |
level index | see exception (**)
(ISFC) | after source codes
number of total # of levels
levels 7 113 NA 0 in the sounding,
(NL) unless computation
required as indicated
in unused comments
above or,
if format number is
9-14, then add 127
to number of levels
to get total level
count (max levels
possible is 254)
units of 0 = m/sec
wind speed 1 120 NA 0 1 = knots
(IUNW)
| 0 = relative humidity (%) RH
| 1 = mixing ratio (dcg/kg) MR
units of | 2 = dew point (deg.C) DP
moisture 2 121 NA 0 | 3 = spec. humid. (dcg/kg) SH
(IUNH) |
| see exception (**)
| after source codes
additional 1 123 NA 0 0 = none
data flag 1 = see additional data
(NADD) section
Source Codes
------------
1- NCDC* deck #5420 14- NMC B3s in NCAR TSR format 27- Format 545
2- NCDC deck #5440 15- Other NCDC data 28- Originating nation
3- NCDC deck #5450 16- NCDC pressure at stan. heights 29- United Kingdom
4- NCDC deck #5452 17- Data from Dominic tests 30- Singapore
5- NCDC deck #5467 18- Data from Patrick AFB 31- GATE raobs
6- NCDC deck #5465 19- NCAR punched, misc. sources 32- France
7- NCDC deck #5474 20- NCDC deck #524 33- India
8- NCDC deck #5481 21- Australia 34- Canada
9- NCDC deck #5482 22- June 70 GARP set 35- South Africa
10- NCDC deck #5496 23- ETAC 36- Japan
11- New Zealand 24- ETAC B1 (Offutt AFB) 37- Argentina
12- NCDC NWRF format 25- Format 542 38- Brazil
13- C-Cards raobs 26- Format 544 39- Russia
----------
40- from Kung 53-
41- USAF TD52** 54- ETAC TD54
42- Scherhag raobs 55- Navy Spot raobs
43- Ptarmigan dropsondes 56- Navy Kunia raobs
44- Line Islands Experiment
45- USAF TD53**
46- Russian North Pole Raobs
47- USAF DATSAV
48-
49-
50-
51-
52-
* National Climatic Data Center
** For TD52 and TD53, the deck number that the report came from is stored
in bits 105-110 and bits 122-123 -- to decode, the deck number is
(bits 105-110)*4 + (bits 122-123)
Format description of wind codes 2, 5, and 22 (starting with bit 125)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
# of missing
parameter bits code bias comments
-------- ---- ------- ---- -------------------------
recompute bits: ________________________
height (#2) |
or 1 NA NA |
pressure (#5) | 0 = not recomputed
| 1 = recomputed at NCAR
wind direction 1 NA NA |
wind speed 1 NA NA |________________________
(IREC(I),I=1,3)
height (#2) | 64000 1000 | meters
or | 16 or or | or
pressure (#5) | 2000 0 | tenths of millibars
(Z(I),I=1,NL)
wind direction 9 500 0 degrees
(DD(I),I=1,NL)
wind speed 8 250 0 meters/second or knots
(FF(I),I=1,NL)
If additional data flag (bit 124) equals 1, source code is 14, and wind code
is 2, then starting with bit 125+(36 x number of levels), the following bit
pattern is repeated for each level,
check bits (2-bits) from
(LQI(I),I=1,NL) 2 NA NA original NCEP B3 format,
see Table B3.2
Each level has 36 or 38 bits. This byte group is repeated for each
level in the sounding having some data. The total number of bits in
each sounding record will be equal to
124+(36 x number of levels), if additional data flag is 0.
124+(38 x number of levels), if additional data flag is 1, and
source code is 14, wind code is 2.**
** At NCAR the logical record length will be the number of 64-bit words
necessary to contain the sounding. Unused bits are likely at the end
of each logical record.
Format description of raob codes 1, 3, 4, and 6 (starting with bit 125)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# of missing
parameter bits code bias comments
-------- ---- ------- ---- -------------------------
recompute bits: ___________________________
pressure 1 NA NA | 0 = not recomputed
height 2 NA NA | 1 = recomputed at NCAR
temperature 2 NA NA | 2* = computed on earlier
humidity 1 NA NA | NCDC system, no records
wind direction 1 NA NA | 3* = computed at NCDC
wind speed 1 NA NA |*height and temperature only
(IREC(I),I=1,6) ---------------------------
pressure 14 16000 0 tenths of millibars
(P(I),I=1,NL)
height 16 64000 1000 meters
(Z(I),I=1,NL)
temperature 11 990 1000 tenths of degrees C
(T(I),I=1,NL)
per cent (RH) or
moisture 11 990 1000 dcg/kg (mix ratio & spec.hum)
(DP(I),I=1,NL) or tenths of degrees C (DP);
-RH is a statistical RH
wind direction 9 500 0 degrees
(DD(I),I=1,NL)
wind speed 8 250 0 meters/second or knots
(FF(I),I=1,NL)
Each level consists of 77 bits. This byte group is repeated for each
level in the sounding having some data. The total number of bits in
each sounding record will be equal to 124+(77 x number of levels).**
For soundings from TD54 (source code 54), the original deck number
is stored in 15 bits at the end of the sounding data, i.e.
the 15 bits following (124+(77 x number of levels)) bits.
Format description of raob additional data section, variable in length,
starting with bit 125+(77 x number of levels). This section
is always present when additional data flag (bit 124) equals 1.
---------------------------------------------------------------
# of missing
parameter bits code bias comments
-------- ---- ------- ---- -------------------------
indicator bits | The times of the first and
for standard | top levels, and the types
additional data: | of levels must be there.
time of level 1 NA NA | If the indicator for time
type of level 1 NA NA | of level = 0, then times
| (check bits if source 14)
| for each level follow all
| the additional data below
indicator bits
for parameter
quality flags:
level quality 1 0 NA | if one of these bits is
time of level 1 0 NA | set to 1, then a quality
pressure 1 0 NA | flag occurs at each level
height 1 0 NA | for the parameter indicated,
temperature 1 0 NA | otherwise, there are no
humidity 1 0 NA | flags for the parameter
wind 1 0 NA | indicated
time 12 4095 NA tenths of minutes, the hour
for first level or plus this time is usually
(LTIME(1)) 0 the release time
time 12 4095 NA tenths of minutes,
for top level or the hour plus this time is
(LTIME(NL) 0 the true time of the level
NOTE: Starting with bit 158 the following bit pattern for type of level
and any available quality flags (according to above indicators)
is repeated for each level. However, source code 14 only has the
type of level, but none of these quality flags.
0 - surface
1 - mandatory
2 - significant
type of level 4 NA NA 3 - standard, NCDC computed
(LTYPE(I),I=1,NL) 4 - tropopause
5 - maximum wind
9 - other/unspecified
level quality 8 NA NA see table A
(LQ(I),I=1,NL)
time from release 8 NA NA |
(KTIME(I),I=1,NL) |
|
pressure 8 NA NA |
(KP(I),I=1,NL) | time of level indicator
| = 1, see table B, flags
height 8 NA NA | are characters
(KZ(I),I=1,NL) |
| time of level indicator
temperature 8 NA NA | = 0, see table C, flags
(KT(I),I=1,NL) | are integers
|
humidity 8 NA NA |
(KDP(I),I=1,NL) |
|
wind 8 NA NA |
(KW(I),I=1,NL) |
If time of level indicator = 0 ,then for each level, then one of two
conditions exist:
1. If source code is 14, then
check bits 18 check bits from various
(LQI(I),I=1,NL) 18 NA NA tests in the original NCEP
format, see Table B3.1
2. If source code is not 14, then
time of level 12 4095 NA tenths of minutes,
(LTIME(I),I=1,NL) or the hour plus this time is
0 the true time of the level
If there are no quality flags, the total number of bits in the
sounding record will be equal to 157+(81 x number of levels).**
If source code is 14, there are no quality flags, and the total number of
bits in the sounding record will be equal to 157+(99 x number of levels).**
If source code is not 14, and there are one or more quality flags then the
total number of bits in each sounding record will be equal to:
if time of level indicator = 1,
157+(81 x number of levels)+(8 x number of flags x number of levels).**
if time of level indicator = 0,
157+(93 x number of levels)+(8 x number of flags x number of levels).**
** At NCAR the logical record length will be the number of 64-bit words
necessary to contain the sounding. Unused bits are likely at the end
of each logical record.
Table A - level quality indicators
0-original values correct
1-original values missing
2-original values doubtful, corrected level follows
3-original values doubtful, uncorrected
4-original values in error, corrected level follows
5-original values in error, uncorrected
6-corrected level
9-level not checked
A thru Z, and blank, indicators supplied by National
Meteorological Center (see below)
Table B - parameter quality indicators
0-element is correct
1-element is doubtful,
2-element is in error
3-replacement value
4-assumed or estimated value
9-element not checked
A thru Z, and blank, indicators supplied by National
Meteorological Center (see below)
(A-G,blank) automatc via computer system
A - passed vertical consistency check with tight limits
B - failed vertical consistency check and has not been
recomputed
C - failed vertical consistency check and was recomputed
D - failed vertical consistency check with tight limits
and passed with loose limits
E - not assigned
F - has been checked but did not pass vertical consistency
check with loose limits
G - not assigned
blank - not specified
(H-P, $) manual via human intervention
H - hold value for next analysis run
I thru O - same as A thru G
P - purge from analysis run
Table B3.1 - Check bits for NMC 1962-1972 B3 data (source 14),
derived from Revision to NMC Office Note #20
(Note 4, revised)
Bits Represent Priority and Results of Various Tests
Check
Bit
1 0=Failed hydrostatic check 1=Passed hydrostatic check
2 0=Loose hydrostatic check 1=Tight hydrostatic check
3 1=Not used
4 0=Not manual data (height) 1=Manual data (height)
5 0=Calculated data (height), 1=actual data (height)
6 0=Level not checked 1=Level checked (hydrostatically)
7 0=Temperature superadiabatic 1=Temperature not superadiabatic
8 1=Not used
9 0=Not manual (temperature) 1=Manual data (temperature)
10 0=Calculated (temperature) 1=Actual data (temperature)
11 0=Failed "motorboating" check 1=Passed - "motorboating" check (Dew point)
12 0=Not manual data (dew point) 1=Manual data (dew point)
13 0=Calculated data (dew point) 1=Actual data (dew point)
14 0=Not manual data (wind) 1=Manual data (wind)
15 0=Failed wind check, 1=Passed wind check
16 0=Level not checked (wind), 1=Level passed wind check (wind)
17 0=Loose wind check, 1=Tight wind check
18 0=Calculated data (wind), 1=Actual data (wind)
Table B3.2 - Check bits for NMC 1962-1972 B3 data (source 14),
derived from Revision to NMC Office Note #20
(Note 8, revised)
Wind Vertical Consistency Test
Check
Bits
(2-bit
field)
00 Not checked
01 Failed test
10 Passed loose test
11 Passed tight test
Table C - parameter quality indicators
The following National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) quality control
flags apply only to those observations that indicate QC at NCDC after
to 12/92
NCDC ELEMENT QUALITY FLAGS (post 12/92)
a. These flags identify the result of quality control procedures
performed on the element data. The following element flag schema
allows for the employment of numerical differentiation and assessment
while preserving an audit trail for edited data. The quality control
flags fall into three distinct categories; discrepancies which are
corrected, discrepancies which are not corrected, and special
considerations. In most cases, each flag number is unique to the
element and are listed below by element. If an entire level is
deleted, the unique flag will remain for the element which caused the
level deletion and the remaining elements will be given delete flags.
(1) First Category - Flags 01-40
Discrepancies which are corrected by the quality control software
are assigned flag values between 01 and 40. Odd numbers indicate
the discrepancies that were corrected automatically via software and
even numbers indicate the discrepancies that were corrected via
manual intervention.
(2) Second Category - Flags 51-89
Discrepancies which are flagged by the quality control software that
are not corrected are assigned flag values between 51 and 89. These
discrepancies are the same as 01 through 39. Odd numbers indicate
the discrepancies were identified but not corrected. Even numbers
indicate the discrepancies were identified and reviewed manually but
corrections were not made. If manual corrections are made, the
flags are updated to the appropriate flags in the first category.
Example: an element has a flagged value of 61. If this discrepancy
is reviewed manually and the value is not changed the flag becomes
62, if the value is changed the flag becomes 12.
(3) Deletion and Special Category - Flags 00, 40-50 and 90-99
Flags 00, 41-50, and 90-97 are as described below:
00 = element quality controlled, no discrepancies;
41-49 = element deleted automatically;
50 = element deleted manually;
90-97 = indicates the quality control results of earlier processes
99 = element not quality controlled;
b. Quality control flags are divided into the 4 classifications as
described below:
(1) Syntax check - checks data for syntax discrepancies such as
readable characters, key punch errors, etc.
(2) Plausibility check - analyzes each element independently of
other elements. Values are flagged which can never exist, are not
within a certain limit, or do not agree with a first guess field.
(3) Contradiction check - analyzes two or several pararmeters at the
same point. Specific flags that define specific error states are
assigned to the element(s) in question.
(4) Diagnostic check - checks values using diagnostic equations or
analyzes which the data are to obey at least approximately.
Specific flags that define specific error states are assigned to the
element(s) in question.
c. A detailed list of quality control flags follows by element:
____________________________________________________________________________
Elapsed time
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 reserved Auto No
08 reserved Manual Yes
09 elapsed time decreasing by level Auto No
10 elapsed time decreasing by level Manual Yes
11 slow accession rate Auto No
12 slow accession rate Manual Yes
13 fast accession rate Auto No
14 fast accession rate Manual Yes
15 large varibility in accession rate Auto No
16 large varibility in accession rate Manual Yes
17-34 reserved
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
41-50 See the DELETE CODES at the end of this appendix.
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 reserved No No
58 reserved No Yes
59 elapsed time decreasing by level No No
60 elapsed time decreasing by level No Yes
61 slow accession rate No No
62 slow accession rate No Yes
63 fast accession rate No No
64 fast accession rate No Yes
65 large varibility in accession rate No No
66 large varibility in accession rate No Yes
67-84 reserved
85 suspect surface data No No
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87-89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Pressure
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 pressure greater than surface pressure Auto No
08 pressure greater than surface pressure Manual Yes
09 balloon burst Auto No
10 balloon burst Manual Yes
11 duplicate pressure levels Auto No
12 duplicate pressure levels Manual Yes
13-26 reserved
27 flight did not reach required level Auto No
28 flight did not reach required level Manual Yes
29 leaking pressure cell detected Auto No
30 leaking pressure cell detected Manual Yes
31 no level within 20 mb of surface Auto No
32 no level within 20 mb of surface Manual Yes
33 reserved1.
34 reserved
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
41-50 See the DELETE CODES at the end of this appendix.
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 pressure greater than surface pressure No No
58 pressure greater than surface pressure No Yes
59 balloon burst No No
60 balloon burst No Yes
61 duplicate pressure levels No No
62 duplicate pressure levels No Yes
63-76 reserved
77 flight did not reach required level No No
78 flight did not reach required level No Yes
79 leaking pressure cell detected No No
80 leaking pressure cell detected No Yes
81 no level within 20 mb of surface No No
82 no level within 20 mb of surface No Yes
83 reserved
84 reserved
85 suspect surface data No No
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87-89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Height
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 reserved
08 reserved
09 height decreasing by level Auto No
10 height decreasing by level Manual Yes
11 hydrostatic imbalance - single level Auto No
12 hydrostatic imbalance - single level Manual Yes
13 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls Auto No
14 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls Manual Yes
15 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, Auto No
both height and temperature
16 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, Manual Yes
both height and temperature
17 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, Auto No
height and temperature
18 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, Manual Yes
height and temperature
19-28 reserved
29 zero height Auto No
30 zero height Manual Yes
31 double termination height Auto No
32 double termination height Manual Yes
33 temporal shift in height Auto No
34 temporal shift in height Manual Yes
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
41-50 See the DELETE CODES at the end of this appendix.
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 reserved
58 reserved
59 height decreasing by level No No
60 height decreasing by level No Yes
61 hydrostatic imbalance - single level No No
62 hydrostatic imbalance - single level No Yes
63 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls No No
64 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls No Yes
65 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, No No
both height and temperature
66 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, No Yes
both height and temperature
67 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, No No
height and temperature
68 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, No Yes
height and temperature
69-78 reserved
79 zero height No No
80 zero height No Yes
81 double termination height No No
82 double termination height No Yes
83 temporal shift in height No No
84 temporal shift in height No Yes
85 suspect surface data No No
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87-89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Temperature
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 extraordinary lapse rate - temp shift Auto No
08 extraordinary lapse rate - temp shift Manual Yes
09 wet-bulb effect superadiabatic Auto No
10 wet-bulb effect superadiabatic Manual Yes
11 hydrostatic imbalance - single level Auto No
12 hydrostatic imbalance - single level Manual Yes
13 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls Auto No
14 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls Manual Yes
15 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, Auto No
both height and temperature
16 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, Manual Yes
both height and temperature
17 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, Auto No
height and temperature
18 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, Manual Yes
height and temperature
19 superadiabatic at termination Auto No
20 superadiabatic at termination Manual Yes
21 reserved
22 reserved
23 autoconvective lapse rate Auto No
24 autoconvective lapse rate Manual Yes
25 suspicous number of superadiabats Auto No
26 suspicous number of superadiabats Manual Yes
27 superadiabatic lapse rate Auto No
28 superadiabatic lapse rate Manual Yes
29 extraordinary lapse rate from sfc Auto No
30 extraordinary lapse rate from sfc Manual Yes
31 erratic temperature trace Auto No
32 erratic temperature trace Manual Yes
33 temporal temperature shift Auto No
34 temporal temperature shift Manual Yes
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
41-50 See the DELETE CODES at the end of this appendix.
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 extraordinary lapse rate - temp shift No No
58 extraordinary lapse rate - temp shift No Yes
59 wet-bulb effect superadiabatic No No
60 wet-bulb effect superadiabatic No Yes
61 hydrostatic imbalance - single level No No
62 hydrostatic imbalance - single level No Yes
63 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls No No
64 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls No Yes
65 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, No No
both height and temperature
66 hydrostatic imbalance - single level, No Yes
both height and temperature
67 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, No No
height and temperature
68 hydrostatic imbalance - adjacent lvls, No Yes
height and temperature
69 superadiabatic at termination No No
70 superadiabatic at termination No Yes
71 reserved
72 reserved
73 autoconvective lapse rate No No
74 autoconvective lapse rate No Yes
75 suspicous number of superadiabats No No
76 suspicous number of superadiabats No Yes
77 superadiabatic lapse rate No No
78 superadiabatic lapse rate No Yes
79 extraordinary lapse rate from sfc No No
80 extraordinary lapse rate from sfc No Yes
81 erratic temperature trace No No
82 erratic temperature trace No Yes
83 temporal temperature shift No No
84 temporal temperature shift No Yes
85 suspect surface data No Yes
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87 reserved
88 reserved
89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
__________________________________________________________________________
Humidity
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 extremely erratic humidity Auto No
08 extremely erratic humidity Manual Yes
09 extraordinary change from surface Auto No
10 extraordinary change from surface Manual Yes
11-28 reserved
29 extraordinary Temp & RH change from sfc Auto No
30 extraordinary Temp & RH change from sfc Manual Yes
31-34 reserved
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
41-50 See the DELETE CODES at the end of this appendix.
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 extremely erratic humidity No No
58 extremely erratic humidity No Yes
59 extraordinary change from surface No No
60 extraordinary change from surface No Yes
61-78 reserved
79 extraordinary Temp & RH change from sfc No No
80 extraordinary Temp & RH change from sfc No Yes
81-84 reserved
85 suspect surface data No No
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87 reserved
88 reserved
89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Dew-point Depression
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 extremely erratic dew-point depression Auto No
08 extremely erratic dew-point depression Manual Yes
09 extraordinary change from surface Auto No
10 extraordinary change from surface Manual Yes
11-28 reserved
29 extraordinary Temp & Td change from sfc Auto No
30 extraordinary Temp & Td change from sfc Manual Yes
31-34 reserved
35 suspect surface data Auto No
36 suspect surface data Manual Yes
37-40 reserved
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION DELETED REVIEW
41 element deleated-syntax/plausibility/ Auto No
contradiction error
42 element deleted-syntax/plausibility/ Manual Yes
contradiction error
43 element deleted-spatial or temporal error Auto No
44 element deleted-spatial or temporal error Manual Yes
45 element deleted-diagnostic or hydrostatic Auto No
error
46 element deleated-diagnostic or Manual Yes
hydrostatic error
47 element deleated-superadiabat/element Auto No
profile error 48
element deleated-superadiabat/element Manual YES
profile error
49 element deleated-other Auto No
50 element deleated-other Manual Yes
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 extremely erratic dew-point depression No No
58 extremely erratic dew-point depression No Yes
59 extraordinary change from surface No No
60 extraordinary change from surface No Yes
61-78 reserved
79 extraordinary Temp & Td change from sfc No No
80 extraordinary Temp & Td change from sfc No Yes
81-84 reserved
85 suspect surface data No No
86 suspect surface data No Yes
87 reserved
88 reserved
89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Wind direction/speed
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
00 none - value correct None No
01 original value missing Auto No
02 original value missing Manual Yes
03 syntax Auto No
04 syntax Manual Yes
05 plausibility Auto No
06 plausibility Manual Yes
07 low suspect shear Auto No
08 low suspect shear Manual Yes
09 high suspect shear Auto No
10 high suspect shear Manual Yes
11-40 reserved
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION DELETED REVIEW
41 element deleated-syntax/plausibility/ Auto No
contradiction error
42 element deleted-syntax/plausibility/ Manual Yes
contradiction error
43 element deleted-spatial or temporal error Auto No
44 element deleted-spatial or temporal error Manual Yes
45 element deleted-diagnostic or hydrostatic Auto No
error
46 element deleated-diagnostic or Manual Yes
hydrostatic error
47 element deleated-superadiabat/element Auto No
profile error
48 element deleated-superadiabat/element Manual YES
profile error
49 element deleated-other Auto No
50 element deleated-other Manual Yes
51 original value missing No No
52 original value missing No Yes
53 syntax No No
54 syntax No Yes
55 plausibility No No
56 plausibility No Yes
57 low suspect shear Auto No
58 low suspect shear Manual Yes
59 high suspect shear Auto No
60 high suspect shear Manual Yes
61-89 reserved
Source-of-data quality control flags, when applicable:
90 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
91 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be correct.
92 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
93 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be suspect.
94 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
95 Manual QC at source (Field 19); determined to be incorrect.
96 Automatic QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
97 Manual QC at source (Field 19); element replaced.
98 QC at source (Field 19) is unknown/undetermined.
99 Element has not been quality controlled.
____________________________________________________________________________
Delete Flags (applies to all elements)
MANUAL
FLAG DISCREPANCY DESCRIPTION CORRECTED REVIEW
--------- ------
41 element deleted-syntax error Auto No
42 element deleted-syntax error Manual Yes
43 element deleted-plausibility error Auto No
44 element deleted-plausibility error Manual Yes
45 element deleted-contradiction error Auto No
46 element deleted-contradiction error Manual Yes
47 element deleted-diagnostic error Auto No
48 element deleted-diagnostic error Manual Yes
49 element deleted Auto No
50 element deleted Manual Yes
end
end